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Dominus Apostolicus
''Domnus Apostolicus'', corresponding to classical Latin ''Dominus Apostolicus'', meaning "Apostolic Lord", is a title frequently applied to the Pope from the 6th to the 11th centuries, but sometimes applied to others also.
== ''Domnus Apostolicus'' ==
The Pope is styled "Apostolic", not merely because he occupies an apostolic see, that is, one founded by an apostle, as were those of Ephesus, Philippi, Corinth etc., to whose bishops the title of "Apostolic" is not given, but because he is bishop of what is called ''the'' Apostolic See, the see founded by Peter the Apostle.〔(Collins Dictionary )〕〔(Random House Unabridged Dictionary )〕 Thus, as "the Apostolic See" is used to mean simply the Roman See, ''Domnus Apostolicus'' (the Apostolic Lord) was used to mean the Bishop of Rome.
In Gaul, as early as the 5th century the expression ''sedes apostolica'' (an apostolic see) was applied to any episcopal see, even if not founded by one of the apostles, a usage that Umberto Benigni explains as based on the bishops being successors of the apostles (see apostolic succession). By the 6th century, the term was in general use, and many letters from the Merovingian kings to Gallic bishops are addressed in the ambiguous terms ''Domnis sanctis et apostolicâ sede dignissimis'' ("holy lords worthy of an/the apostolic see"). Thus the bishops of Gaul were given the title of ''Domnus Apostolicus'' (cf. Venantius Fortunatus, "Vita S. Mart.", IV; "Formulæ Marculfi", II, xxxix, xliii, xlix). Many examples are also found in wills and deeds (e.g. P.L., LXXX, 1281, 1314, etc.), and one occurs in a letter of introduction given by Charlemagne to the papal legate St. Boniface (Epp. Bonifac., xi).
However, in the Acts of Holy Roman emperor Charlemagne and of the councils held during his reign, even outside the Frankish Empire, as in England, the term ''Domnus Apostolicus'', in its exact usage, meant simply the pope. Perhaps the only example of its literal translation found in Greek authors is in the second letter of Theodore the Studite to Pope Leo III, Κυρίῳ Ἀποστολικῷ (''kyrio apostoliko'').
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